Getting to Know Vaginal Infections
A healthy vagina naturally maintains a balance of bacteria and yeast. But when this balance gets disrupted, infections can occur—causing discomfort, irritation, and changes in discharge.
Possible Reasons for Vaginal Imbalance
- Yeast Infection (Candidiasis):
Yeast infections, commonly due to Candida species, may cause discomfort along with a thick, chalky white discharge. - Bacterial Vaginosis (BV):
Occurs when the balance of good and bad bacteria is off, often causing a fishy odour and greyish discharge. - Trichomoniasis:
A sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite, leading to frothy, green-yellow discharge and irritation.
What Causes These Infections?
Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause can make the vaginal environment more susceptible to infections.
- Antibiotic use may eliminate beneficial bacteria, allowing harmful microbes to overgrow.
- Poor hygiene practices, such as inadequate cleaning or using harsh soaps, can irritate vaginal tissues and upset the microbial balance.
- Douching and using scented products can alter the vagina's natural pH, increasing infection risk.
- Unprotected sexual activity may introduce new bacteria, disrupting the vaginal microbiome.
Common Symptoms to Watch Out For
A change in colour, texture, or smell of vaginal discharge may be an early sign of an infection.
- Persistent itchiness, burning, or general discomfort in the vaginal area is often a sign that something is off.
- Visible inflammation, redness, or swelling around the vaginal area is commonly associated with infections.
Vaginal infections are treated based on their underlying causes:
- Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): Typically managed with antibiotics such as metronidazole or clindamycin, available in oral forms or as vaginal gels and creams.
- Yeast Infections: Often addressed using antifungal treatments like miconazole or clotrimazole, which can be applied as creams or suppositories. These medications are available over-the-counter, but consulting a healthcare professional is advisable if symptoms persist or recur.
- Trichomoniasis: Treated with oral antibiotics such as metronidazole or tinidazole. It's important for sexual partners to undergo treatment simultaneously to prevent reinfection.
- Atrophic Vaginitis: Often associated with decreased estrogen levels, this condition may be treated with estrogen therapies, including creams or tablets, to alleviate symptoms.
Dr. Dipti Gadge, a specialist in gynecology and obstetrics, underscores the need for accurate diagnosis and individualized care plans to effectively manage vaginal infections.